The Golden Age of the Islamic Empire was driven by several forces of the time. Medicinal advancements improved the standards of living, and new concepts in scientific and mathematical fields allowed society to progress. Time and effort went into the intricate architectural and artistic designs of the time. Finally, literature became a scholastic pursuit as well as a calligraphic expression. The discovery of paper played an important role in these advancements. Furthermore, as the Empire continued to spread and integrate new cultures, the Arabic language and Islamic religion became more popular. The Golden Age represented a time in which the Islamic Empire was strong, independent, and diverse.